| Background | Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Component of the PRC2/EED- EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. Also recognizes 'Lys-26' trimethylated histone H1 with the effect of inhibiting PRC2 complex methyltransferase activity on nucleosomal histone H3 'Lys-27', whereas H3 'Lys-27' recognition has the opposite effect, enabling the propagation of this repressive mark (By similarity). The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems (By similarity). Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXA7, HOXB6 and HOXC8. Plays a role in X chromosome inactivation (XCI), in which one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals is transcriptionally silenced to equalize X-linked gene dosage with XY males. Required for stable maintenance of XCI in both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. May prevent transcriptional activation of facultative heterochromatin during differentiation. Required for development of secondary trophoblast giant cells during placental development. May regulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the developing brain. |
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